Course description

Number of hours, lecture halls
Lectures: 2 hours/week (28 hours/semester), lecture hall: TORMAY.
Practicals: 1 hour/week (14 hours/semester), practice room: J. 304. (building J, 3rd floor).

Duration of the semester: 2 February – 15 May 2026.
Place of the subject: 6th semester (3rd year).

SUMMER PRACTICE GUIDELINES: Moddle

FURTHER INFORMATION

1. Attendance on lectures and practicals

1.1. Lectures
According to the decision of the Faculty Council (14 November, 2006) attendance on
lectures is obligatory.
The acceptable number of uncertified absences is maximum 3 per semester. With more
than three recorded absences your semester is NOT going to be accepted for that subject,
thus it has to be re-taken during a later semester for an additional fee in order to sit for the
exam.
– Absences because of research activity connected to the diploma thesis or illnes
are not treated as uncertified absences, but these must be verified on the official
certificate by the teacher, tutor or physician. However, this will count towards the
maximum of 3 absences per semester.
– Absences because of clinical day or weekly practice carried out in Üllő do not
need to be certified, they are accepted. Consequently, they do not count towards
up to 3 absences per semester.

1.2. Practicals
According to university regulations in case of absences exceeding 30% of the total number
of hours of practical sessions, it is not allowed to make up the missed practicals. Therefore,
the student cannot obtain credit points for the given subject. In our case, this is a
maximum of 4 absences per semester.
The Department registers the attendance at the beginning of each single practical by using
the official group assignment provided by the Student’s Secretariat.
With more than 4 recorded absences your semester is NOT going to be accepted for that
subject, thus it has to be re-taken during a later semester for an additional fee in order to sit
for the exam.
In case of absence, the student has to give an account of the subject of missed practical
within 2 weeks. You can do this with any practice leader.
– One practical per semester can be missed without any consequence. In this case the
student does not have to give an account of the subject of missed practical,
however, this will count towards the maximum of 4 absences per semester.
– Absences because of research activity connected to the diploma thesis or illnes
are not treated as uncertified absences, but these must be verified on the official
certificate by the teacher, tutor or physician. In case of this absence, the student has
to give an account of the subject of missed practical within 2 weeks, and this will
count towards the maximum of 4 absences per semester.
– Absences because of clinical day or weekly practice carried out in Üllő do not
need to be certified, they are accepted. Consequently, they are not counted in the
maximum 4 absences per semester, and the student does not have to give an
account of the subject of missed practical.
The acceptation of 4 missed practicals is not valid for the former German students
who have already passed the exam “Futtermittelkunde”. As they have to take part on
3 practicals (the 1st, the 5th, and the 10th weeks) only (see the chapter 4.8.), at most one
absence will be accepted. But in case of one absence the student has to give an account of
the subject of missed practical within 2 weeks.
In case of online practical training due to a possible epidemic to each practical subject
belongs a short online test. This test must be filled in successfully (at least 80%) every
week at latest till Sunday midnight on the given week. This is the prerequisite of the
acceptance of the given practical.
During the whole semester only one missed online test will be acepted. The succesfull
solution of the test is the prerequisit of acceptance of the semester, consequently, to admit
the student to exam.

2. Group assignment
The Department uses the official group assignment provided by the Student’s Secretariat. You can attend the lab with the group you are registered in only. Due to efficiency and size of the groups it is not possible to attend any additional lab (including labs of different
courses/years). A permanent change to assignment may be requested but has to be approved by both the Department and the Secretariat.
Upon preliminary request the student might be allowed to switch exceptionally to a group other than registered in. Such a request, however, must be sent to the effected tutor at the latest one working day before the practical, until 12 pm (noon). Such a request should affect ONE practical only and will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

3. Contact person:
Mr. András BERSÉNYI assistant professor (location: Rottenbiller Str. 50.; Phone: +361
478 4291 or from inside the University phone extension: 8643; e-mail:
[Click to see email]). In case of any question connected to the subject feel free to
contact him. You are kindly requested NOT to address the head-of-department or his
secretary with teaching-related issues, unless you did not receive statisfactory answers to
your inquiries by your contact person.

Lectures theme

Topics of lectures and practicals: available in the “Documents” section.

Exam information

The “Animal Nutrition 1” exam

Exam period: 18 May – 26 June 2026.
Prerequisites of the “Animal Nutrition 1” exam: acceptation of the semester (see the chapters 1.1., and 1.2.).

Possible forms of the “Animal Nutrition 1” exam:

A) Written exam (test)
During the exam period – if possible, after consultation with the students – we provide
written exam opportunities (tests) at only 3 pre-arranged times, of which students can
take a maximum of two. Written exams take place electronically on the University’s
central computers. Further exams can be taken orally.
 Those who fail the written exam on the first date will have another written opportunity
on the 2nd or 3rd announced occasion.
 Those who do not take the first written exam can take the second or/and third.
 In case of two unsuccessful written exams, the 3rd exam possibility can be used in
the context of an oral exam.
 Those who skip the first two written opportunities and apply for the third first, have
no further written possibilities, after that they can only take the oral exam.
 Anyone who misses all 3 written exam dates can only take the oral exams.
Registration for the written test from “Animal Nutrition 1”
After consultation with the students, we post the agreed exam day on NEPTUN and list as
many places as they wish to take the test. After that, students can apply through NEPTUN.
The written exam from “Animal Nutrition 1” is a single choice test. Scoring of the test is
as follows.

The form of written exam from “Animal Nutrition 1” is a single choice test. Scoring of the test is as follows.
Mark
90-100% – excellent (5)
80- 89% – good (4)
70- 79% – fair (3)
60- 69% – passing (2)
0- 59% – failure (1)

60% must be achieved not only for the entire test, but also for the separate feed
knowledge questions in order to pass the exam. So the conditions of the successful exam
are:
– from feed knowledge questions: 60%, as well as
– 60% for all questions.
If both conditions are not met, the exam is failed.

 Additional points available
The department wishes to reward students who regularly and actively participate in lectures. The evaluation is performed using the Kahoot application. You can log in with your mobile phone during the lectures by entering your NEPTUN code. (Please write your NEPTUNE code in the same way, always in capital letters!)
In the spring semester, we hold a total of 14 lectures. Those who attend at least 9 of these, based on the results of their online answers will receive extra scores in the written exam as follows.

Of course, the scores obtained in the written exam and the total of the extra scores may not exceed 60. The extra points are added to the part of the test that is most favorable to the student. If, for example, you have not reached the required 60% of the feed knowledge questions, we will add to that. Or if you have reached the required 60% of the feed knowledge questions, but the value of the total score is still less than 60%, then the total score will be increased.

Rules for students who have previously studied the “Futtermittelkunde” in German
Those German students who have already passed the exam “Futtermittelkunde” will be exempted from studying the feeds again, which means that they will be exempted from those practicals which deal with feeds (see above the topics of the lectures and practicals). Consequently
− neither the test nor the oral exam made from “Animal Nutrition 1” consist the topic “feedstuffs”,
– the written exam from “Animal Nutrition 1” consists of 40 simple-choice test questions only. The score limits are as follows.

 Additional points available
The department wishes to reward students who regularly and actively participate in lectures. The evaluation is performed using the Kahoot application. You can log in with your mobile phone during the lectures by entering your NEPTUN code. (Please write your NEPTUNE code in the same way, always in capital letters!)
In the spring semester, we hold a total of 14 lectures. Those who attend at least 9 of these, based on the results of their online answers will receive extra scores in the written exam as follows.

Of course, the scores obtained in the written exam and the total of the extra scores may not exceed 40.
Please note that we create new tests every year. Consequently, based on the knowledge of
the questions of the previous tests, they cannot expect to pass the exam without studying.

B) Oral exam
Those who
− do not want to do the exam in written form or
− cannot take part on the tests or
− fail on the test, will get oral exam dates via NEPTUN.
Registration for the oral exam from “Animal Nutrition 1”: it can be done for the given
exam dates via NEPTUN. Exam dates will be published throught the NEPTUN shortly
after the beginning of each academic semester.
Each and every exam organized by the Department will may come with an individual
deadline for registration in the NEPTUN, therefore we strongly recommend students to
verify that deadline at least one week prior to the exam, since it is not possible to make any
changes once the registration period has been closed.

The form of oral exam from “Animal Nutrition 1”.
 “Regular” students (who did not study previously the “Futtermittelkunde” in German)
Each student gets 1-1 question (i.e. altogether 3) from the following 3 question groups.
1) Feedstuffs.
2) Fundamentals of animal nutrition.
3) Minerals, vitamins.
 Students who have previously studied the “Futtermittelkunde” in German
Each student gets 1-1 question (i.e. altogether 2) from the following 2 question groups only.
1) Fundamentals of animal nutrition.
2) Minerals, vitamins.

Questions of the oral exam from “Animal Nutrition 1” (at the same time topics for the written test as well) are as follows.

I. Feedstuffs
1. Cereal grains (list, their approximate nutrient content).
2. Corn, wheat.
3. Barley, oats.
4. Grain legumes (list, their approximate nutrient content).
5. Oilseed (solvent extracted) meals (list, their approximate nutrient content).
6. Feed sampling.
7. Guidelines and rules for ration formulation. Ration formulation by computer.
8. Milling by-products of cereal grains (wheat bran, wheat germ).
9. By-products of starch industry and fruit processing.
10. By-products of sugar industry.
11. Brewery by-products and by-products of bioethanol fuel production.
12. Straws, roots and tubers.
13. Feedstuffs of animal origin (fish meal, milk products, insect protein sources).
14. Pasture grasses, and harvested green forages.
15. Silage making.
16. Maize silage (nutrient content, its use in animal nutrition).
17. Hay and haymaking.
18. Meadow hay, Alfalfa hay.
19. Antioxidants, amino acid and enzyme supplements.
20. Mineral and vitamin supplements.
21. Use of NPN (Non Protein Nitrogen) supplementation in diets made for ruminants.
22. Manufactured feeds.

II. Fundamentals of animal nutrition
1. Chemical analysis of feeds. I. Proximate analysis.
2. Chemical analysis of feeds. II. Fibre fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL).
3. Energetic Evaluation of Feeds. I. Conception (GE, DE, ME, NEm, NEl, NEg, q-, k-, and i-values).
4. Energetic Evaluation of Feeds II. Monogastric animals (energy types, reasons of their use in different species).
5. Energetic Evaluation of Feeds. III. Ruminants (energy types, reasons of their use in different species).
6. Regulation of the feed intake, and the importance of its knowledge.
7. Nutrients’ digestibility (definitions, methods for assessment).
8. Protein evaluation systems. I. Monogastric animals.
9. Protein evaluation systems. II. Ruminants (RDP, UDP, MP, MPN, MPE).
10. Microflora and -fauna in rumen and in gut.
11. Interaction between the intestinal flora and feed: eubiosis, dysbiosis.
12. Microbiology and mycology of feedstuffs.
13. Animal nutrition and food safety (HACCP, BSE, dioxin, etc.).
14. Antinutritive substances in feeds (classification, effects on animals), antimetabolites.
15. Deterioration of feeds (rancidity), warranty and guarantees.
16. Mycotoxins in feeds.
17. Growth promoters, pro- and prebiotics (groups, mode of action, tendency of their use in the future).
18. Nutriceuticals.
19. Immunological aspects of animal nutrition.
20. Relationships between feeding and reproduction. I. Effects of energy supply on reproduction (puberty, ovulation rate, udder development, /re/insemination, NEB improvement by nutrition).
21. Relationships between feeding and reproduction. II. Effects of protein supply on reproduction (protein to energy ratio, RDP and UDP proportion, control).
22. Relationships between feeding and reproduction. III. Effects of vitamin and mineral supply on reproduction (including taurin).
23. Relationships between feeding and reproduction. IV. Effects of phyto-oestrogens and mycotoxins (F2, T2) on reproduction.
24. Relationships between feeding and reproduction. V. Non-infectious abortions (causes, mare reproductive loss syndrome /MRLS/, fescue grass toxicosis).
III. Minerals, vitamins
Macrominerals
1. Ca, P and Mg (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).
2. S, Na, K and Cl (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).
Microminerals
3. Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).
4. F, I, Se, Co (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).
5. Homeostasis of minerals, control of mineral supply.
6. Earth alkali alkalinity, cation-anion balance of rations (FAA, AA, dUA, CAB), clinical effects.
7. Generally about vitamins (nutrition and diseases, recommendations, stability, role of rumen and gut flora,
exploration of deficiencies, newly developed functions).
Fat soluble vitamins
8. Beta-carotene, vit. A (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).
9. Vit. D and E, K (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).
Water soluble vitamins
10. Vit. C, B1, and B2 (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).
11. Vit. B6, and B12 (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).
12. Niacin and pantothenic acid (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).
13. Biotin, folic acid and cholin (biological functions, deficiency syndromes, requirements, their sources, control of supply).

4. Plagiarism and cheating
Plagiarism and cheating are a violation of the University’s academic regulations and are subject to disciplinary action. Students who fail to credit properly ideas or materials taken from another commit plagiarism. Putting your name on a piece of work – any part of which
is not yours – constitute plagiarism, unless that piece is clearly marked and the work from which you have borrowed is fully identified.
Cheating during an exam includes but is not limited to e.g. peaking at other’s exam, using non-permissible electronic devices or assistance. If you are caught in a dishonest act during the course of an examination you will be reported to the Secretariat of International Study Programs.
Students found guilty of cheating will receive a failing grade on that exam and will be subject to further disciplinary action. Penalties – even the dismissal from the school – may be imposed at the discretion of the relevant authorities.

5. Preparation for the “Animal Nutrition 1” exam
There are no prescribed textbooks. Any exam in “Animal Nutrition 1” will be based on the information given during lectures, and practicals. For preparations first of all your own notes, and the handouts of lectures and practicals are recommended. For further reading see the books listed below.

RECOMMENDED LITERATURE
P. McDonald, R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalk, C.A. Morgan, L.A. Sinclair, R.G. Wilkinson: Animal Nutrition. Prentice Hall, 11th Edition, 2011.

Nutritional Sumer Practice
Concerning this please see the detailed written information given by the department.

Budapest, 2 February, 2026.
Dr. István HULLÁR
assoc. professor
head of Division for Animal Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics,
Dept. Anim. Breed. Nutr. a. Lab. Anim. Sci.