English
mandatory
semi-final examination
3
2
6
30
30
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Documents
- Vet EN
Course description
During Veterinary Pharmacology 2, students learn the theoretical and practical aspects of the usage of etiotropic drugs involving antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antineoplastic agents. Similarly to the first semester, we aim to develop students’ first day skills of drug use and educate pharmacology based on the relevant scientific literature supplemented with ethical, legal and public health aspects. Significant part of the course is dedicated to the pharmacology of antibacterial agents, where strong emphasis is put on the prudent use of these drugs due to the spread of antimicrobial resistance in both human and veterinary medicine. Furthermore, during practicals, students learn to calculate drug doses to be administered for both individual and mass treatment, and they perform and evaluate a complex pharmacokinetic investigation on broiler chickens.
Lectures theme
TOPICS OF LECTURES – VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY
Academic year 2022/2023, 2nd Semester
Time of lectures: Monday 1215-1400 (Magyary-Kossa)
| 6 February
Lect. 1-2 |
Introduction to chemotherapy
Ákos Jerzsele |
| 13 February
Lect. 3-4 |
Penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics
Ákos Jerzsele |
| 20 February
Lect. 5-6 |
Cephalosporins, aminoglycosides
Erzsébet Gere |
| 27 February
Lect. 7-8 |
Tetracyclines, phenicols
Orsolya Farkas |
| 6 March
Lect. 9-10 |
Macrolides, lincosamides, pleuromutilins
Ákos Jerzsele |
| 13 March
Lect. 11-12 |
Fluoroquinolones and other antibacterial agents
György Csikó |
| 20 March
Lect. 13-14 |
Polypeptides, rifamycins, glycopeptides
Sulphonamides and diaminopyrimidines György Csikó |
| 27 March
Lect. 15-16 |
Anthelminthic agents I.
György Csikó |
| 3 April
Lect. 17-18 |
HOLIDAY ISSUED BY THE RECTOR |
| 10 April | Anthelminthic agents II.
Ectoparasiticides I. György Csikó, Ákos Jerzsele |
| 17 April
Lect. 21-22 |
Ectoparasiticides II.
Ákos Jerzsele |
| 24 April
Lect. 23-24 |
Anticoccidials and other antiprotozoal drugs
György Csikó |
| 1 May
Lect. 25-26 |
Disinfectants and antiseptics
Orsolya Farkas |
| 8 May
Lect. 27-28 |
Antifungal drugs
Erzsébet Gere |
| 15 May
Lect. 29-30 |
Antineoplastic and antiviral agents
Erzsébet Gere |
Budapest, 28th January 2023
Ákos Jerzsele DVM Ph.D.
Head of department
Practical lessons theme
2nd Semester 2022/2023.
| Practical 1
Feb. 6-10. |
Principles in fluid therapy. Posology. |
| Practical 2
Feb. 13-17. |
Pharmacokinetic investigation in broiler chickens |
| Practical 3
Feb. 20-24. |
Basic knowledge of pharmacokinetics
Small test 1 |
| Practical 4
Feb27-March3 |
Pharmacology of inflammation, and the cardiovascular system |
| Practical 5
March 6-10. |
Pharmacology of hormones |
| Practical 6
March 13-17. |
Reduction of antibiotic consumption in veterinary practice
Disinfectants, antibiotic alternatives Small test 2 |
| Practical 7
March 20-24. |
Midterm test 1 |
| Practical 8
March 27-31. |
Usage of antibiotics in ruminants and horses
Midterm test 1 retake |
| Practical 9
Ap. 3-7. |
Holiday issued by the Rector |
| Practical 10
Apr. 10-14. |
Usage of antibiotics in poultry and swine |
| Practical 11
Apr. 17-21. |
Usage of antibiotics in companion animals |
| Practical 12
Apr. 24-28. |
Usage of endoparasiticides
Small test 3 |
| Practical 13
May. 1-5. |
Midterm test 2 |
| Practical 14
May. 8-12. |
Usage of ectoparasiticides
Midterm test 2 retake |
| May. 15-19. | Consultation week* |
*On the last week of the semester, a consultation can be set up for the whole class together, if there are at least 15 students who would participate. The topics to be discussed during the consultation should be determined by the class prior to the meeting.
On the midterms’ weeks, there are no practicals.
| Group | Hungarian | English |
| 1. | Alma Móritz | Erzsébet Pásztiné Gere |
| 2. | Patrik Mag | György Csikó |
| 3. | Orsolya Farkas | Mercédesz Veres |
| 4. | Zoltán Somogyi | Orsolya Farkas |
| 5. | Ádám Kerek | Erzsébet Pásztiné Gere |
| 6. | György Csikó | Mercédesz Veres |
| 7. | Ádám Kerek | Melinda Nemes-Terényi |
| 8. | – | Orsolya Palócz |
| 9. | – | Orsolya Palócz |
| 10. | – | György Csikó |
Budapest, 28th January 2023
Ákos Jerzsele DVM Ph.D.
Head of department
Evaluation description
All small tests are obligatory and can be done only once (there will be no retake option). At least 70% should be achieved as an average of the three small tests. In case of not achieving 70%, a final retake test will be provided at the end of the semester covering all practical topics of the semester. If this is also failed, the student cannot get signature and cannot sign up for the exam.
Both midterms are obligatory, and one retake option will be provided for each. At least 70% should be achieved on both midterms for the signature. In case someone fails or misses any of the midterms, a final retake midterm should be written at the end of the semester, covering topics of both midterms. If this is also failed, the student cannot get signature and cannot sign up for the final exam. The midterm retakes can be taken by those, who successfully passed the first occasion but would like to improve their result, however, the second result will count anyway, even if it is worse.
The written exam is obligatory. There are no consequences of 1 failed written trials, but after 2 unsuccessful written exams a fail (1) mark is applied. The oral exam can only be taken after successfully passing the written part. The written exam is successful in case of achieving at least 60%.
On the oral exam, two topics must be drawn by the students, from which topic “A” will cover most important topics and therefore the exam must be started with this topic. Topic “B” can only be discussed if topic “A” has been presented on a satisfactory level. For passing the exam, both topics must be known on a satisfactory level. The final grade will be based on the performance on the oral exam, result of the written part does not affect it.
In case of diseases, missing the oral exam can be accepted, but only if there is written notice to the Department not latest than on the day of the exam, and a medical certificate is provided in 5 working days.
The oral exam cannot be successful without knowing the most important drug names marked on the drug list previously provided by the Department. All topics on the oral exam must be started with listing the relevant drug names, at least the marked, main substances. However, knowing these drug names alone is not enough for passing the oral exam!
If a successful written exam is followed by a failed oral exam, the written part doesn’t need to be repeated in the current semester. However, if the subject must be retaken in a later semesters, the written exam must also be repeated. Furthermore, starting from the 2022/23/2 semester, all previously passed written exams become invalid, regardless of their date. Therefore, all students (normal, retake and inactive) must start the final exam with the written part.
In case of general questions about education, please contact dr. Dóra Kovács (kovacs.dora@univet.hu).
Recommended literature:
Lecture slideshows (obligatory)
Dawn Boothe: Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Donald C. Plumb: Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook
Jim E. Riviere & Mark G. Papich: Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Steeve Giguére: Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine
Budapest, 28th January 2023
Ákos Jerzsele DVM Ph.D.
Head of department
Exam information
Pharmacology oral exam – general requirements
Template for discussing oral exam topics:
| 1. | The student must list drug groups and at least the most important active substances (written in bold in the drug list) included in the topic. Without listing the most important substances, the topic cannot be started, and the exam cannot be accepted. However, listing the substances without further knowledge of the topic is not enough for passing the exam. (See drug list for the substances needed to be known for the oral exam.) |
| For all aspects below, important differences between animal species must be known by the student (if it is applicable to the topic). | |
| 2. | The student must know information about chemical structure of the drug group, and if there are chemical structure based grouping of substances in the topic. Furthermore, if applicable, structure related pharmacological properties must be mentioned (e.g. beta lactam antibiotics, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, fluoroquinolones structure – activity relationship). |
| 3. | Mechanism of action. The student must know exact mechanism of action of the drugs belonging to the topic, including structure dependent and independent actions, molecular background of their effect, drug targets, agonist and antagonist effect, etc. |
| 4. | In case of chemotherapeutics, the student must know their mode of action (bacteriostatic, time/concentration-dependent bactericidal). |
| 5. | In case of chemotherapeutics, the student must know information about resistance to the drugs included in the topic, e.g. mechanisms and spread of resistance in different bacteria against the concerned substances. |
| 6. | In case of chemotherapeutics, the student must know their antibacterial/antiviral/antifungal spectrum (see drug spectrum table). |
| 7. | The student must know information about the pharmacokinetics of the drug group (including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and if applicable: enterohepatic recirculation, accumulation), and pharmacological consequences of these information, e.g. common routes, dose and frequency of administration. See dosage list for the doses to be known by heart. |
| 8. | The student must know side effects of the drug group, and their consequences, if applicable, e.g. contraindications, drug interactions (e.g. aminoglycosides – muscle relaxants, tiamulin – monensin/narasin/salinomycin) and side effects that might be used as therapeutic indications (e.g. opioids as antitussives and antidiarrheals). |
| 9. | The student must know indications of the active substances, i.e. for which therapeutic purposes are the drug groups and active substances used. |
TOPICS OF THE PHARMACOLOGY EXAM
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023
“A” TOPICS
1. Neuroleptics (major tranquilizers)
2. Sedato-hypnotics
3. Opioids
4. Inhalational anaesthetics
5. Injectable anaesthetics
6. Drugs improving cardiac contractility (cardiotonics)
7. ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor antagonists, vasodilators
8. Pharmacology of the respiratory tract
9. Emetics, antiemetics, prokinetic agents
10. Antiulcer agents and liver protectants
11. Diuretics
12. Pharmacology of the drugs influencing sexual function 1. (GnRH and its analogues,
gonadotropins, prostaglandins)
13. Antihistamines, leukotriene-receptor antagonists, Janus-kinase inhibitor, monoclonal
antibodies (anti IL-31 and NGF) in the veterinary medicine
14. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
15. Glucocorticoids
16. Pharmacology of immunosuppression
17. Penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors
18. Cefalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems
19. Aminoglycosides
20. Tetracyclines
21. Macrolides
22. Phenicols, lincosamides and pleuromutilins
23. Polypeptides and other antibiotics (glycopeptides, rifamycins)
24. Sulphonamides and diaminopyrimidines
25. Fluoroquinolones, other antibacterial agents (nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, fosfomycin)
26. Anticoccidial agents
27. Anthelmintics (benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles, tetrahydropyrimidines)
28. Endectocidal macrocyclic lactones
29. Drugs against ectoparasites (except macrocyclic lactones) I. (organophosphates,
carbamates, pyrethroids, amitraz)
30. Drugs against ectoparasites (except macrocyclic lactones) II. (phenylpyrazoles,
neonicotinoids, isoxazolines, insect growth regulators)
31. Antifungal agents
32. Usage of antibiotics in ruminants and horses
33. Usage of antibiotics in poultry and swine
“B” TOPICS
1. Mechanism of action of drugs: receptor- and non-receptor-mediated drug effects
2. Quantitative correlations of drug-receptor interactions, dissociation constant, quantal
dose-response curve, efficacy, potency, therapeutic definitions, agonists, antagonists
3. Drug toxicity, drug side effects
4. Drug interactions and incompatibility
5. Factors influencing drug actions
6. Pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution)
7. Pharmacokinetics (metabolism, elimination)
8. Pharmacokinetic calculations (compartmental and non- compartmental models),
determination of the major pharmacokinetic parameters
9. Pharmacokinetic bases of pharmacotherapy (bioavailability, loading dose, maintenance
dose)
10. Parasympathomimetic and parasympatholytic agents
11. Sympathomimetics and sympatholytic agents
12. Anticonvulsant agents
13. Antidepressants and behaviour modifying agents
14. Central and peripheral muscle relaxants, smooth muscle relaxants
15. Local anaesthetics
16. Antiarrhythmic agents
17. Laxatives, antidiarrheals, appetite stimulants
18. Insulin and other antidiabetics
19. Pharmacology of the drugs influencing sexual function 2. (progestagens, oestrogens,
androgens)
20. Pharmacology of the hypothalamic–pituitary hormones
21. Adrenocortical hormones, drugs for treatment of Cushing-disease and Addison-disease
22. Thyroid hormones, drugs for treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
23. Uterus muscle stimulants and relaxants
24. Pharmacology of anaemia (iron, erythropoietin and derivative), hemostasis and
thrombosis
25. Pharmacological basis of chemotherapy
26. Disinfectants 1. (halogens and halogen-containing compounds, acids, alkalies, alcohols)
27. Disinfectants 2. (aldehydes and alkylating agents, peroxides, surface-active compounds,
phenols)
28. Anti-protozoal agents (except coccidiosis)
29. Anthelmintics (salicylanilides, substituted phenols, isoquinolines, clorsulon,
monepantel, emodepside)
30. Antiviral agents
31. Antineoplastic agents
32. Fluid therapy
33. Usage of antibiotics in companion animals
Budapest, 28th January 2023
Ákos Jerzsele DVM Ph.D.
Head of department