Course description

Lectures theme

Practical lessons theme

Exam information

List of practical topics
List of theoretical topics

Practical topics

1. gl. parotis, ductus parotideus, ln. parotideus, n. facialis, n. auriculotemporalis
2. n. auriculopalpebralis r. zygomaticus, n. zygomaticotemporalis, n. zygomaticofacialis, n. frontalis, gl. lacrimalis
3. m. nasolabialis, n. infraorbitalis, n. buccalis, n. mentalis, v. facialis and its branches, gl. zygomatica
4. m. digastricus, gl. mandibularis, gl. sublingualis and their ducts, lc. mandibulare, ln. retropharyngeus medialis, v. linguofacialis, v. maxillaris
5. n. hypoglossus, a. lingualis, n. lingualis, n. sublingualis, n. mylohyoideus, n. alveolaris mandibularis, mm. pterygoidei
6. tongue, its musculature, nerves and blood supply
7. a. carotis externa and its branches, vagus group, ggl. cervicale craniale
8. soft palate, radix linguae, cavum pharyngis, aditus oesophagi
9. mm. constrictores pharyngis medii et caudales, m. sternohyoideus, m. sternothyreoideus, m. hyothyreoideus, gl. thyreoidea
10. larynx, nerves and blood supply
11. m. sternocleidomastoideus, m. omotransversarius, arteria et lc. cervicale superficiale, n. accessorius, n. suprascapularis
12. muscles of the thoracic girdle (except m. sternocleidomastoideus), nn. pectorales craniales, nn. pectorales caudales, n. thoracicus longus, n. thoracicus lateralis, n. thoracodorsalis
13. the root of plexus brachialis and branches at this level, a. et lc. axillaris
14. n. medianus, n. ulnaris, n. radialis, n. musculocutaneus, a. brachialis till the elbow joint
15. carpal and digital extensors of the forelimb, its nerves; superficial venous system and its relationship to the deep system in the forelimb and to the v. jugularis externa
16. carpal and digital flexors of the forelimb, their nerves, blood supply of the forearm
17. medial muscles of the thigh, canalis femoralis and its features, lymphnodes and superficial veins of the hindlimb
18. lumbar muscles, plexus lumbalis
19. n. ischiadicus, n. gluteus cranialis, n. gluteus caudalis, dorsal, caudal and deep muscles of the buttock
20. stifle joint, m. quadriceps femoris, m. popliteus
21. tarsal flexors and digital extensors of the hindlimb, their nerves and vessels
22. tarsal extensors and digital flexors of the hindlimb, their nerves and vessels
23. arcus aortae, aorta thoracica, truncus sympathicus, n. vagus (thoracic portion), n. phrenicus.
24. veins of the thoracic cavity, truncus sympathicus, n. vagus (thoracic portion), n. phrenicus
25. heart
26. lungs, pericardium, topography of the mediastinal organs
27. abdominal wall and its nerves, a. profunda femoris
28. canalis inguinalis, lnn. inguinales superficiales, n. genitofemoralis
29. diaphragm, odd branches of the aorta abdominalis, ggl. coeliacum, ggl. mesentericum craniale, ggl. mesentericum caudale
30. pelvic branches of the aorta abdominalis and the v. cava caudalis, parietal lymphnodes of the abdomen
31. fossa ischiorectalis, n. pudendus, a. pudenda interna
32. penis and its musculature, scrotum, testis, funiculus spermaticus, their nerves and blood supply
33. serous duplicatures of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
34. liver, spleen, stomach and their suspension
35. small and large intestines and their suspension
36. ovaries, uterus and their suspension
37. kidneys, canalis urinalis and their blood supply (prostate ductus deferens pars abdominalis et
pars pelvina)

Theoretical topics (valid from the 16th of December, 2019)

Topics of group “A”

1. Os occipitale
2. Os sphenoidale
3. Os temporale and os parietale
4. The detailed anatomy of the bones of the nasal cavity (forming its base, walls and dome)
5. The mandibula, art. temporomandibularis, ossa hyoidea, muscles of mastication
6. Connections between bones
7. Vertebrae cervicales, thoracales et lumbales, their junctions
8. Costae, sternum, their junctions, mm. respiratorii
9. Mm. cingulorum membrorum thoracici et pelvini
10. The detailed anatomy of the art. humeri and its muscles
11. The detailed anatomy of the art. cubiti, art. radioulnaris and their muscles
12. The detailed anatomy of the art. carpi and its muscles
13. The detailed anatomy of the art. metacarpophalangea and the sesamoid suspensory apparatus of the horse
14. The detailed anatomy of the the art. metacarpophalangea and the sesamoid suspensory apparatus of ruminants
15. The detailed anatomy of the artt. interphalangeae proximalis et distalis of the forelimb and their muscles of the horse
16. Vaginae et bursae synoviales of the equine forelimb
17. Vaginae et bursae synoviales of the equine hindlimb
18. The pelvis as a whole, its detailed anatomy
19. The detailed anatomy of the sacrum, art. sacroiliaca
20. The detailed anatomy of the art. coxae, the dorsal, the deep and the caudal muscles of the buttock
21. The detailed anatomy of the art. femorotibialis and the medial muscles of the thigh
22. The detailed anatomy of the art. femoropatellaris and the cranial muscles of the thigh
23. The detailed anatomy of the art. tarsi and its muscles
24. The detailed anatomy of the artt. interphalangeae proximalis et distalis of the hindlimb and their muscles of the horse
25. The detailed anatomy of the flexores et extensores digitorum membri thoracici
26. The detailed anatomy of the flexores et extensores digitorum membri pelvini
27. The detailed anatomy of the mm. abdominis, canalis inguinalis
28. General features of muscles, muscular auxiliary features
29. The vertebral column as a whole, comparison of the vertebrae, the epaxial and hypaxial muscles, muscles moving the head
30. Statics of the forelimbs in horses, the phases of the stride on the distal end of the forelimb
31. Statics of the hindlimbs in horses, the phases of the stride on the distal end of the hindlimb

Topics of group “B”

1. The external surface of the heart, its base and its position
2. The left half of the heart
3. The right half of the heart
4. Pericardium, the heart’s own vessels, impulse generating and conducting systems
5. Arcus aortae, aorta thoracica
6. The v. cava cranialis and the venous blood supply of the thorax
7. A. carotis externa
8. A. maxillaris
9. Veins of the head in horse and in dog, with the exception of the veins of the brain
10. Aorta abdominalis, v. cava caudalis, v. portae
11. A. celiaca, a. mesenterica cranialis and caudalis
12. The superficial venous system of the forelimb and the hindlimb, v. jugularis externa
13. Blood vessels of the forelimb down to the elbow joint in horse and in dog
14. Blood vessels of the forelimb distal to the elbow joint in horse and in dog
15. Blood vessels of the hindlimb down to the stifle joint in horse and in dog
16. Blood vessels of the hind limb distal to the stifle joint in horse and in dog
17. Pelvic arteries
18. Fetal circulation
19. General features of the lymphatic system, lymphonodi capitis et cervicis
20. Lymphonodi thoracis et membri thoracis
21. Lymphonodi abdominis, pelvis et membri pelvini
22. Hoof, horn
23. Mammary gland, blood and lymphatic supply, innervation

Topics of group “C”

1. Oral cavity and its features
2. Gll. salivares
3. Tongue, blood supply and innervation
4. Teeth, structure, blood supply and innervation
5. Dentition, types of teeth
6. Pharynx, esophagus, blood supply and innervation
7. The unilocular stomach, blood supply and innervation
8. The stomach of ruminants, blood supply and innervation
9. Liver, hepatic microcirculation, pancreas, blood supply and innervation
10. Spleen, omenta, blood supply and innervation
11. The hindgut of carnivores and horses, blood supply and innervation
12. The hindgut of carnivores and ruminants, blood supply and innervation
13. The hindgut of carnivores and pigs, blood supply and innervation
14. Duplicaturae serosae cavi pelvis. Canalis analis, blood supply and innervation
15. Nasal cavity, blood supply and innervation
16. Paranasal sinuses
17. Larynx, blood supply and innervation
18. Trachea, lungs, blood supply and innervation
19. Pleural cavity, mediastinum
20. Peritonenum, serous duplicatures in the abdominal cavity
21. Kidney and its blood supply
22. Urinary tract, blood supply and innervation
23. Scrotum, testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, accessory male genital glands, their blood supply and innervation
24. Penis, muscles of the male genital organs, prepuce, blood supply and innervation
25. Ovaries, uterine tube, their suspension, blood supply and innervation
26. Uterus, its suspension, blood supply and innervation
27. Vagina, female urethra, blood supply and innervation

Topics of group “D”

1. Meninges of the brain and spinal cord, their blood supply
2. Arterial and venous blood supply of the brain and the spinal cord, the sinus system
3. Medulla spinalis, the spinal segment, formation of the spinal nerve
4. Rhombencephalon
5. Mesencephalon, diencephalon
6. Telencephalon
7. Rhinencephalon, limbic system
8. Major pathways of the brain and the spinal cord
9. The ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord, circulation of the CSF
10. Sympathetic system
11. Parasympathetic system
12. Cranial nerve V₁ (intracranial and extracranial sections, related nuclei)
13. Cranial nerve V (intracranial and extracranial sections, related nuclei)
14. Cranial nerve V₃. (intracranial and extracranial sections, related nuclei)
15. Cranial nerve VII. (intracranial and extracranial sections, related nuclei)
16. Cranial nerve IX. (intracranial and extracranial sections, related nuclei)
17. Cranial nerve X. (intracranial and extracranial sections, related nuclei)
18. Motor cranial nerves (intracranial and extracranial sections, related nuclei)
19. The eyeball: tunics
20. The muscles of the eye, their innervation, lacrimal apparatus, blood supply of the eye
21. Refractive media of the eye, optical accommodation and the visual pathways
22. External ear, cavum tympani
23. Internal ear, acoustic and vestibular pathways
24. spinales cervicales et thoracis
25. Plexus brachialis down to the elbow joint
26. Plexus brachialis distal to the elbow joint in horse and in dog
27. Plexus lumbalis
28. N. pudendus and n. ischiadicus down to the stifle joint
29. Nerves of the hindlimb distal to the stifle joint in horse and in dog

Topics of group “E” for students who did not completed the elective “Anatomy of the domestic birds”

1. The skeleton of domestic birds
2. The digestive system of domestic birds
3. The respiratory system of domestic birds
4. The urogenital system of domestic birds
5. The heart and the cardiovascular system of domestic birds, including portal circulations
6. The skin, the cutaneous features and the nervous system of domestic birds

Topics of group “F” for students who did not completed the elective “Development of organs”

1. The development of the apparatus urogenitalis
2. The development of the heart
3. The development of the pharynx and splanchnocranium
4. The development of the tongue
5. The development of the gut
6. The development of the nervous system